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% ?* F2 g) G% gTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网* ~+ [; j5 X( U: Z. v) Z
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( H N* Z4 h/ K7 vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。- j2 n# t* q4 k/ Z+ n: r# M% n; a
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3 \" M; U9 Q( {2 H- z9 |, ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第7 T; e% C/ T+ Q& Z" e7 v! t( l9 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">57 z# b* e7 z1 |4 S! d$ m; dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 c" a* I' z- e6 o/ T" zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：7 F6 o" y$ w4 O/ i6 @- G) R0 O, A0 u
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+ s4 w( S$ w* ?; }" ?: Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：3 m- z( X: v5 p5 X. h
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Z# a; O% V& E( \. } E* vmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。 y, r7 x4 P8 A! z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：" ^$ v! C% h5 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 L2 o# b7 b3 `& q0 @6 l
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$ V. i0 N0 v# C5 e- C8 [* Emso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？" O; [! q2 z1 h3 }' t2 @
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$ P6 P9 M7 w5 [2 P& v' Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。% b1 a9 V% y! u5 @! X" [6 scolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。2 D# g$ V9 T5 S; t! V8 smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：5 p$ i0 F* q6 N p l& R8 l10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ A0 g" V! G9 qmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;7 T7 z% k& s P+ \0 h5 A
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。, b' U _$ _$ ~, R# q8 a10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 v1 U9 b& @: d( N/ B
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：# W4 e1 [: R9 [
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。8 h6 e/ j8 G9 @" \ q1 ?& Z, S
mso-font-kerning:0pt">"$ c, t$ K# u: h4 Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ l4 O2 P/ F! a# e3 w1 e! e
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：) L+ i* d5 O9 n( e" q# Y$ @' P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢% N; i% n, j# d1 I g8 c
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- j4 z# e' o) Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：9 [7 u# N3 J# s3 Q- O
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( o' o' ], C* r9 e# e# w* Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。7 |6 u: Y; M4 L) V2 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是6 }: P+ r0 @$ S6 Z: `3 F
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得! N+ H; g" d, j7 f; _mso-font-kerning:0pt">“* w W; p; k0 ~$ bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
' o4 ^# `5 H) t. k/ Z* f6 p$ mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违3 L* V4 D. b3 g4 @
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" f0 j# L1 s) c i5 z8 Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲( H/ G, G8 Y8 n) {3 }" x% l
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7 i% l( ^7 u5 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，5 k, K8 g: ]* A [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。* e/ C# k& k) q; Y# H3 d
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7 O% R5 W; G) e3 M# Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。3 S& N( }' f- l1 V- [/ q/ X' `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？1 V" Q7 y2 z8 Z# p1 Z( F10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。4 q. g& P" r1 ~- a5 y6 J1 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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: [# C* ]( X; Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：7 i6 ]7 W0 \' Smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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1 f: W1 w8 D' B7 A' m5 PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义" k& m- P9 ^! `4 L6 l4 t
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- s2 j6 O) S4 k6 BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！5 B5 e A! y" e8 G, {4 N' z) smso-font-kerning:0pt">——: B" R# s3 o9 k3 Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 t$ M/ x) R2 C. K- @* ^3 s/ c9 N
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。2 H8 J9 z9 j2 ~7 |6 `+ `2 Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述1 M* m# D8 U9 D: amso-font-kerning:0pt">26 w/ t( M3 o7 |% A$ I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊/ c* y) W. l' T9 M" V$ Q. P. _
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7 v6 o; S$ _" v- \" g4 T# bTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。; @/ h1 G K$ x& _( X# f# Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。( s# V" u# X8 \' r3 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">——, X8 R, R( u1 f% }! }4 q1 afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( ]5 m, ~* d( A8 c! s
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。) y2 _$ m( y" e; R3 D+ vmso-font-kerning:0pt">——; `7 {; f% n1 O Z' a) l* I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：# u+ z" p5 g R6 S2 z8 Z$ L% kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 ]. J; y3 G- y# p, S; F
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+ l2 {6 h9 D7 @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。 h- | u6 H1 o- F' b m- lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 F; K$ z' I! ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" `- e3 e8 y* j: D) |
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个" o* r1 H U2 m2 l* e1 g/ y3 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“' ~- J+ X- S, W# B' l( K$ _# }
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" u6 p% p% ~* L8 F- O0 H6 D0 omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬4 z( L) L- S; L7 amso-font-kerning:0pt">”, X* `6 ?2 b* w1 }' \, Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
( j* h7 Q) v5 i3 H7 w) ?. B* k# F7 {8 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为7 y8 G) Y4 \* n4 o+ j$ W1 R
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6 o% x! D( q Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。( {! V; F N: U+ \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的: V6 P0 j v* E# P
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' U3 ^1 ]( v) z- B' Y$ Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思7 D0 ^2 B, I: Z Y8 x- K
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