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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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9 z( E2 V. ^* h6 l# x' t$ q8 f! XTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：3 [$ L) A! |- O+ e0 X- q/ P
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- y3 g( j5 B! @# _" z) `- n& x7 oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第" R+ T: V- D5 ^2 p3 z' Emso-font-kerning:0pt">2; G! g( `: z8 h% ^9 c( T$ }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。8 y5 [7 J1 [9 I
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。# a3 u. ?7 P" h2 N7 p. A" d5 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 N2 F$ i* ~' t. j- C8 a8 S
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! P e; I+ Y. x* A1 D, Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经1 B/ z9 y* |- k i8 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">•, N) n- D$ g6 o% @, z- k& U+ Z: p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。' j$ r. G H/ ~, O- _mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 T& R8 x ]/ A- {3 A G6 R* I% ?6 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是% b/ [% `% f' x9 l* r. q
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( _3 s( i* U" b. u! Y5 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。( I3 Q5 }6 w" A
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？% F- ~8 g9 I) v; J0pt">
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# @8 A: E9 }4 h/ \7 O; eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，5 V- h2 Y" j2 d" J$ s ~
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐1 A8 X) N4 d1 V) T3 v
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种& g% u& D2 y, k$ Y/ z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的% c i. A- J9 C& j4 }+ T3 E5 q/ bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) t! p0 `2 T0 T0 A1 D
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& ~8 T+ N( b" x- H! fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，, ^: C3 ]! q X3 k$ `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。( B! e' F L! O4 v- ?" J; _$ `, w
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌& f# h' j' S( T ?5 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">305- x9 E' B( _) M9 G0 v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视2 }/ s" x' `" q7 h) }mso-font-kerning:0pt">“; A$ S+ T9 `+ ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗# Y* o x( H+ k; E5 h& E! |" M
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# H1 }5 ^! T4 r3 o" a& j5 Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：# S: Y2 a/ S. ~) w& I! Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& O" z2 _/ X/ X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。1 ^( U) v! n" f1 k/ o' emso-font-kerning:0pt">”& B* I) C8 \( U/ x$ z4 U" L
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0 Y; v/ e6 H3 A: i* m5 @( ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语7 e$ e$ q3 I4 o& C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）, y5 t! H5 t( e' X, ` ~( Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; L5 h3 c+ l3 v9 h! }) U" }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。5 ] x: } x/ n, z# P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过4 ^5 X% K2 l1 s9 o2 O! F9 l' M( R
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5 a4 U, B' z! i9 N/ jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨$ A, d, B' _: ^4 R. _" r8 s5 @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。; d0 L: C' ]# d
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* D9 ?- z& r' S6 B) r: O. s0 ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。) _( ?7 Z! x* c+ C% @mso-font-kerning:0pt">", |: H% H c+ G- X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。 `& J1 G- e1 r D& [" v6 smso-font-kerning:0pt"> 8 h0 W# p) ]1 o1 U. l- i. D
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( U$ K: q9 T: g: O- i" E2 `Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。, w, Y- o$ Y Z7 i' w$ |% w0 n6 b, cmso-font-kerning:0pt">——7 ]& m s4 G# W( `: y0 b
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. `. k0 q {2 r% smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”8 y) Q e* K9 h/ Q6 M: Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">——2 f$ t4 j O# a( h) U! A: e C2 Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- b" u2 j/ I( `
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。; G6 f9 z# j# w' _2 s$ B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。6 h: D( V U8 }2 W5 f# W6 E
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2 A' Q" ]% K, `' M0 s0 Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于& J8 e" B: U6 }% J. x) K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨8 W2 x# S6 R' ?/ y5 v" O. C0 _. g. Umso-font-kerning:0pt">”, K* c+ T: w: t1 b/ \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& \, \2 n; A0 t) b: L+ N* w1 s+ v$ Q
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓" p' c3 H0 T" fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; |1 P- W3 J! i" |; G$ d% Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓# e- y ^' }; o( G* W/ F+ e4 v, hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) i p6 [2 |0 F& u3 O6 b# N" H5 |
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" k$ @$ m3 J+ n: S; a) smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓7 J: k% b+ x& {0 Y( Z8 k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓' M' @7 Q6 {1 ^. K7 F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼/ F2 W+ Q" J% z& L( L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤2 V+ G. E* N, ?5 M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语. {# `) [8 w5 Y1 t% Imso-font-kerning:0pt">./ ~% @4 q1 p$ ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* _! @% p* e0 rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能 E% t+ \7 ^+ O' a+ ]
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+ [) {% R3 B1 J9 ^! Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒" z% X6 W! \ }mso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ o; ^% i5 q; L0 { ]# j; M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹# v/ D. W* S; K$ Z( t9 d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人$ ~- H8 Y- T b* y/ X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪% P' j* p9 W9 U+ o4 s+ o. C8 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 P! ]0 o+ q# Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 k! S9 a& ^0 S0 I2 s( ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语, {! K& L) Y, \# K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。! [0 H, O: X" w" gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。1 C! s- ~8 t1 U3 ^1 m/ r* tmso-font-kerning:0pt">: Z( u; n6 A/ Q- o' U+ Z$ `1 L6 zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( P9 c- m# T5 P: |* x w3 z
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: t; A' ^/ u: n; [Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理8 g+ L' b U; \; `
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/ L( a, i: S5 o4 kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。4 L2 v$ [. S2 f* b) @mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱9 R3 E+ {: } N
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( m+ `6 G9 `' c0 `' UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧% t) L% d3 Z4 t5 C( @mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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提升卡
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300x180 AD
